Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich

Temper designation of copper alloys was developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

The designation system uses codes, consisting of a letter, indicating general temper, and additional numbers and letters, specifying the temper parameters:

• O – annealed;

O10…O82 – various degrees of annealing;

OS005…OS200 – annealed to a specific grain size;

M - as manufactured;

M01…M45 – manufactured by a specific method;

• H – cold worked;

H00…H14 – various degrees of cold work (hardness);

H50…H86 – cold work in specific process;

HR01…HR50 – cold work followed by stress relief;

HT04…HT08 – cold work followed by strengthening heat treatment;

• T - heat treatment followed by rapid cooling;

TB00 – solution treatment;

TD00…TD04 – solution treatment followed by cold work;

TF00 – solution treatment followed by precipitation hardening;

TL00…TL04 – precipitation hardening followed by cold work;

TR00…TR04 – precipitation hardening followed by cold work and stress relief;

TH00…TH04 – solution treatment followed by cold work and precipitation hardening;

TM00…TM008 – combination of cold work by rolling and precipitation hardening;

TQ00…TQ75 – hardening by quenching;

• TX – spinodal heat treatment;

TS – solution treatment followed by cold work and spinodal heat treatment;

• W – welded;

WM00…WM50 – as welded;

WO – welded and annealed;

WH00...WH01 – welded and cold worked;

WR00…WR01 – welded, cold worked and stress relieved.

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• Classification of copper alloys
• Wrought Coppers and high copper alloys
• Wrought brasses
• Wrought phosphor bronzes
• Wrought aluminum bronzes
• Wrought silicon bronzes
• Wrought copper-nickel alloys and Nickel Silvers
• Spinodal Bronzes
• Cast Coppers and high copper alloys
• Cast brasses
• Cast manganese bronzes
• Cast silicon bronzes and silicon brasses
• Cast tin bronzes and leaded tin bronzes
• Cast aluminum bronzes
• Cast copper-nickel alloys and Nickel Silvers
• Cast copper-lead alloys
• Cast copper special alloys
• Treatment of molten copper alloys

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